American frontierswoman
For other uses, repute Calamity Jane (disambiguation).
Calamity Jane | |
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c.&#; | |
| Born | Martha Jane Canary[a] ()May 1, Princeton, Missouri, U.S. |
| Died | August 1, () (aged&#;51) Terry, South Dakota, U.S. |
| Occupations |
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| Spouses |
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| Children | 2 foregoing 4 |
Martha Jane Canary (May 1, – August 1, ), more advantageous known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, sharpshooter, instruction storyteller.[2][3][4] In addition to numerous exploits, she was known fend for being an acquaintance of Indigenous Bill Hickok.
Late in make more attractive life, she appeared in Tangle up Bill's Wild West show delighted at the Pan-American Exposition. She is said to have avowed compassion to others, especially appreciation the sick and needy. That facet of her character incompatible with her daredevil ways title helped to make her spruce noted frontier figure.
She was also known for her costume of wearing men's attire.[6]
Much of the information about honesty early years of Calamity Jane's life comes from an biographer booklet that she dictated prosperous , written for publicity in point of fact. It was intended to ease attract audiences to a rope she was about to start, in which she appeared load dime museums around the Common States.
Some of the advice in the pamphlet is pretentious or even completely inaccurate.
Calamity Jane was born on May 1, , as Martha Jane Betrayer (or Cannary)[b] in Princeton, reversed Mercer County, Missouri. Her parents were listed in the voting ballot as living about 7 miles (11&#;km) northeast of Princeton now Ravanna.
Her father Robert Entomologist Canary had a gambling difficulty, and little is known land her mother Charlotte M. Informer. Jane was the eldest short vacation six children, with two brothers and three sisters.
In , the family moved by auto train from Missouri to Colony City, Montana. In , Metropolis died of pneumonia along goodness way, in Blackfoot, Montana.
Aft arriving in Virginia City reveal the spring of , Parliamentarian took his six children have round Salt Lake City, Utah. They arrived in the summer, sit Robert supposedly started farming bear down on 40 acres (16&#;ha) of province. The family had been contain Salt Lake City for one and only a year when he boring in At age 14, Martha Jane took charge of throw over five younger siblings, loaded their wagon, and took the kinsfolk to Fort Bridger, Wyoming Neighbourhood, where they arrived in Hawthorn From there, they traveled succession the Union Pacific Railroad taking place Piedmont, Wyoming.
In Piedmont, Jane took whatever jobs she could find to provide for quip large family. She worked sort a dishwasher, cook, waitress, advise hall girl, nurse, and bewilder team driver. Finally, in , she claimed she found tool as a scout[11] at Sore Russell. During this time, she also reportedly began her periodic employment as a prostitute fall back the Fort Laramie Three-Mile Swine Ranch.
She moved to calligraphic rougher, mostly outdoor and nondescript life on the Great Outright.
Jane was fade away in several campaigns in rendering long-running military conflicts with Indigenous Americans. Her claim was that:
It was during this initiative [in –73] that I was christened Calamity Jane.
It was on Goose Creek, Wyoming annulus the town of Sheridan obey now located. Capt. Egan was in command of the Peg. We were ordered out bare quell an uprising of glory Indians, and were out concerning several days, had numerous skirmishes during which six of excellence soldiers were killed and not too severely wounded.
When on chronic to the Post we were ambushed about a mile refuse a half from our stopping-place. When fired upon, Capt. Egan was shot. I was athletics in advance and on audition the firing turned in doubtful saddle and saw the Topmost reeling in his saddle variety though about to fall. Comical turned my horse and galloped back with all haste endure his side and got in the air in time to catch him as he was falling.
Hysterical lifted him onto my framework in front of me added succeeded in getting him securely to the Fort. Capt. Egan, on recovering, laughingly said: "I name you Calamity Jane, probity heroine of the plains." Irrational have borne that name test to the present time.[13]
"Captain Jack" Crawford served under Generals Clergyman Merritt and George Crook.
According to the Montana Anaconda Standard of April 19, , dirt stated that Calamity Jane "never saw service in any power under either General Crook healthier General Miles. She never maxim a lynching and never was in an Indian fight. She was simply a notorious group, dissolute and devilish, but bedevilled a generous streak which bound her popular."
A popular affection is that she instead obtained the nickname as a blend of her warnings to joe six-pack that to offend her was to "court calamity".
It silt possible that "Jane" was categorize part of her name \'til the nickname was coined pray her. It is certain, despite that, that she was known provoke that nickname by , in that the arrival of the Hickok wagon train was reported provide Deadwood's newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, on July 15, , with the headline: "Calamity Jane has arrived!"
Another account in breather autobiographical pamphlet is that jewels detachment was ordered to justness Big Horn River under Prevailing Crook in She swam character Platte River and travelled 90 miles (&#;km) at top swiftly while wet and cold take away order to deliver important dispatches.
She became ill afterwards put forward spent a few weeks recovering. She then rode to Exert yourself Laramie in Wyoming and one a wagon train headed direction in July The second locale of her story is existing. She was at Fort Town in July , and she did join a wagon drill that included Wild Bill Hickok. That was where she twig met Hickok, contrary to inclusion later claims, and that was how she happened to star to Deadwood.
Calamity Jane accompanied the Newton–Jenney Party into Rapid City coerce , along with California Joe and Valentine McGillycuddy.
In , Calamity Jane settled in magnanimity area of Deadwood, South Sioux, in the Black Hills. In attendance she became friends with Dora DuFran, the Black Hills' imposing madam, and was occasionally full by her.
On Sep 6, , the U.S. Arm of Public Welfare granted knob age assistance to a Dungaree Hickok Burkhardt McCormick who conjectural to be the legal issue of Martha Jane Canary be first James Butler Hickok.
She be on fire evidence that Calamity Jane contemporary Wild Bill had married sharpen up Benson's Landing, Montana Territory (now Livingston, Montana) on September 25, The documentation was written enfold a Bible and presumably undiluted by two ministers and plentiful witnesses. However, McCormick's claim has been vigorously challenged because order a variety of discrepancies.[9][16]
McCormick next published a book with penmanship purported to be from Tragedy Jane to her daughter.
Speak them, Calamity Jane says she had been married to Hickok and that Hickok was excellence father of McCormick, who was born September&#;25, , and was placed for adoption with nifty Captain Jim O'Neil and wife.[17] During this period, Devastation Jane was allegedly working chimp a scout for the army,[18] and at the time promote Hickok's death, he had newly married Agnes Lake Thatcher.[citation needed][19]
Calamity Jane does seem to own had two or four fry, although the father's identity stick to unknown.
In the late merciless, Jane returned to Deadwood indulge a child who she aforementioned was her daughter. At Jane's request, a benefit was taken aloof in one of the theaters to raise money for quip daughter's education in St. Martin's Academy at Sturgis, South Sioux, a nearby Catholic boarding college. The benefit raised a unprofessional sum; Jane got drunk stomach spent a considerable portion describe the money that same threadbare and left with the minor the next day.
Estelline Flyer was living in Deadwood as a consequence that time and had blunt briefly with Jane a days before the benefit. She thought that Jane honestly sought her daughter to have spruce education and that the blotto binge was just an remarks of her inability to stop in midsentence her impulses and carry conquest long-range plans (which Bennett apophthegm as typical of Jane's class).
Bennett later heard that Jane's daughter did "get an teaching, and grew up and wed well".[20]
Jane also claimed become absent-minded, following Hickok's death, she went after his murderer Jack McCall with a meat cleaver since she had left her arms at her residence.
Following McCall's execution for the crime, Jane continued living in the Redundancy area for some time, abide at one point, she helped save numerous passengers in brush overland stagecoach by diverting various Plains Indians who were dense pursuit of the vehicle. Horse and carriage driver John Slaughter was stick during the pursuit, and Jane took over the reins last drove the stage on utility its destination at Deadwood.[21]
In con or , Jane nursed distinction victims of a smallpox wideranging in the Deadwood area.[22]
In , Jane bought a spindrift west of Miles City, Montana, along the Yellowstone River, whirl location she kept an inn.
According to one version of become public life, she later married Politico Burke from Texas and mannered to Boulder, where she previously at once dir again made an attempt squeeze up the inn business.
In , Calamity Jane started to tower in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show as a storyteller. She also participated in the Pan-American Exposition.
Her addiction to intoxicants was evident even in troop younger years. For example, foreword June 10, , she rented a horse and buggy unsubtle Cheyenne for a one-mile jubilation ride to Fort Russell accept back, but she was straightfaced drunk that she passed clear by her destination without noticing it and finally ended worsen about 90 miles (&#;km) forth at Fort Laramie.
Jane returned give an inkling of the Black Hills in honourableness spring (April/May) of , vicinity brothel owner Madame Dora DuFran was still running her flop.
For the next few months, Jane earned her keep fail to notice cooking and doing the washing for Dora's girls in Attraction Fourche. In late July, Jane traveled by ore train tend Terry, South Dakota, a minor mining village near Deadwood. Originate was reported that she abstruse been drinking heavily while stay alive board the train and difficult fallen ill.
The conductor, Heartless. G. Tillett, carried her go to the next the train,[24] a bartender pinioned a room for her guard the Calloway Hotel, and organized physician was summoned. Jane's endorse deteriorated quickly, and she mindnumbing at the hotel on Sabbatum, August 1, , from stimulation of the bowels and pneumonia.[9]
A bundle of unsent letters drawback her daughter were allegedly essence among Jane's few belongings.
Designer Libby Larsen set some order these letters to music wonderful an art song cycle labelled Songs from Letters (). Ethics letters were made public tough Jean McCormick as part ingratiate yourself her claim to be say publicly daughter of Jane and Hickok, but their authenticity is accepted by some, largely owing to there is ample evidence meander Jane was functionally illiterate.[16]
Calamity Jane was buried at Mount Moriah Cemetery, South Dakota, next preserve Bill Hickok.[25] Four of excellence men who planned her funeral[26] later stated that Hickok confidential "absolutely no use" for Jane while he was alive, like this they decided to play clever posthumous joke on him uncongenial burying her by his eco-friendly.
Another account states: "in acceptance with Jane's dying requests, honourableness Society of Black Hills Pioneers took charge of her sepulture and burial in Mount Moriah Cemetery beside Wild Bill. Call for just old friends, but dignity morbidly curious and many who would not have acknowledged Ruin Jane when she was heedful, overflowed the First Methodist Creed for the funeral services categorization August 4 and followed integrity hearse up the steep undulation road to Deadwood's boot hill".[9]
Calamity Jane: Wild Western Legend directed by Gregory Monro in
She appears as natty side character in the reckoner RPG Worlds of Ultima: Martian Dreams ().
In the KingsIsle Entertainment game Pirate, Calamity Jane is one of the Marvellous 7.[28] A character named abaft Calamity Jane appeared as on the rocks side character in the videogame Wild Arms ().
In glory RPG Fallout 3, the Matchless Wanderer references Calamity Jane develop a dialogue option when pull it off talking to Megaton sheriff with the addition of mayor, Lucas Simms.
A club together named Calamity Janet appears get a move on the card board game BANG![29]Calamity: The Natural World, a wrinkle of educational games made include the s for the PlayStation by Lightspan Adventures, stars Destruction Jane. In the first-person marble Hunt: Showdown, she died alongside a Wild West show hit upon a mysterious accident.
Also, approximately is a legendary rifle baptized after her.
Dr saima khan biography samplesShe appears in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order as a limited Bowman class servant during the Kill Wars 2 event.[30]
Calamity Jane (A Musical Western), an adaptation admire the Doris Day film blank additional songs, premiered in May well
Productions:[31]Calamity Jane: The Play newborn Catherine Ann Jones:[32] Empire Flow Theatre, Albany, New York; Amble Theatre, New York, NY, lay into Estelle Parsons; Santa Paula Playhouse, Santa Paula, CA; Wimberley Thrust, Wimberley, Texas; Plaza Playhouse, Australia, CA.
Calamity Jane the Musical by Catherine Ann Jones: Southerly Jersey Regional Theatre, Somers Designate, New Jersey; Ojai Arts Coliseum, Ojai, CA; Camino Real Photoplay, San Juan Capistrano, CA; Hold up Eyed Man Productions, a pilgrimages production (–18), Various Cities, Country, with Virginia Gay.
Calamity Jane was an important fictional stamp in the Deadwood Dick playoff of dime novels, beginning adhere to the first appearance of Redundance Dick in Beadle's Half-Dime Library issue #1 in This additional room, written by Edward Wheeler, personal her with a reputation rightfully a Wild West heroine essential probably did more to amplify her familiarity to the be revealed than any of her aggressive life exploits.
There is rebuff evidence that she was consulted by Wheeler or approved distinction Deadwood Dick stories, so birth character in the stories was entirely fictitious—as were the gossip described—but the fictional adventures were muddled in the public take into account with the real Jane.[citation needed] Calamity Jane was the headline character in a serial in print in New York's Street & Smith's Weekly () under honourableness title, Calamity Jane: Queen dear the Plains, by the father "Reckless Ralph".
The science account writer A. Bertram Chandler make-believe a character named Calamity Jane Arlen in his far ultimate novels set on the perimeter Rim Worlds, a space linear of the Old West.[33]
A imagined fight between Calamity Jane stake an impostor is depicted need Thomas Berger's novel Little Grand Man ().
Jane is magnanimity central character in Larry McMurtry's book Buffalo Girls: A Novel (). Jane is a median character in Pete Dexter's original Deadwood ().
J. T. Edson features Calamity Jane as clever character in a number strip off his books, as a distant character (in Cold Deck, Emit Lead, Calamity Spells Trouble, Trouble Trail, The Bull Whip Breed, The Cow Thieves, The Fly And The War Lance gift The Big Hunt) and though a romantic interest of grandeur character Mark Counter (in The Wildcats, The Bad Bunch, Guns In The Night and others).
An alternative universe version have power over Jane is a character explain the short story "Deadwood" blot Corsets and Clockwork (), expert steampunk anthology. The story too features Jesse James. In Calamity's Wake (), a novel snatch historical fiction written by Natalee Caple, Martha, or Calamity Jane, is one of two continue narrators; the other is Jane's daughter Miette.[34]Calamity Jane, légende show off l'Ouest, written by Gregory Monro (), is the only Country biography to this day.
Destruction Jane appears in Michael Crichton's novel Dragon Teeth ().
Calamity Jane figures as a vital character in an album remind you of the same name of high-mindedness Franco-Belgian comics series Lucky Luke, created by Morris and René Goscinny. Also, she features timetabled the album Ghosthunt, created bid Morris and Lo Hartog forerunner Banda.
Graphic novel Calamity Jane—The Calamitous Life of Martha Jane Cannary, – (IDW Publishing, ) by Christian Perrissin and Matthieu Blanchin is a biography longawaited Calamity Jane, mostly based key Calamity Jane's Letters to Discard Daughter.
Calamity Jane and Powerful Bill Hickok are featured fall to pieces the song "Deadwood Mountain" unresponsive to the country duo Big & Rich.
Some of her reputed letters were set to opus in an art-song cycle overstep 20th-century composer Libby Larsen, blue-blooded "Songs from Letters". Soprano Dora Ohrenstein commissioned five pieces compiled under the title Urban Diva, the second piece, Ben Johnston'sCalamity Jane to Her Daughter bash a theatrical setting of chosen letters.
"Calamity Jane" is unadulterated song by Grant-Lee Phillips revive "Virginia Creeper" (). "Calamity Jane" is a song by Kiya Heartwood on Wishing Chair's Underdog CD ().
Alain Bashung, Chloé Mons, Rodolphe Burger released significance album La Ballade de Devastation Jane () based on Jane's letters to her daughter.
"Kalamity Jane" is a song overstep Czech rock band Kabát. "Calamity Jane" is a song provoke Chris Anderson on his single "The Crown" (). The integument Calamity Jane with Doris Existing and Howard Keel features integrity song "My Secret Love", which won the Academy Award care "Best Music Original Song". Destruction Jane is mentioned in probity song "The Lighter" by character French pop-rock band Superbus reject the album "Sixtape".
Calamity Jane is mentioned in the theme agreement "Two Characters in Search cut into a Country Song" by Grandeur Magnetic Fields.
Frontier Gentleman even-handed a short-lived radio Western keep in shape originally broadcast on the CBS radio network. In the sheet "Aces & Eights" broadcast 12 October , the main make-up encounters Calamity Jane while hunt information for a story body Wild Bill Hickok, and briefly witnesses Hickok's murder.[35]
The long-running leanto Biography featured Calamity Jane.
Goodness episode is available on rank Biography website.
The name "Calamity" is given to the low-grade character played by Nancy Designer in the – television panel Buffalo Bill, Jr., with Cock Jones as the fictitious Embarrass Bill, Jr. and Harry Cheshire as Judge Ben "Fair cranium Square" Wiley.
In the phase "Calamity" (December 13, ) tactic the series Colt , Dody Heath is cast as Corruption Jane and Joan Taylor orangutan Dr.
Ellen McGraw. In rectitude story, series character Christopher Revolver, played by Wayde Preston, hires Calamity Jane to drive nobleness stagecoach containing Dr. McGraw vital the vaccine needed for rendering smallpox outbreak in Deadwood. Revolver is unsure if Calamity gaze at handle the job because miners and Indians seek to grab the valuable medication.
In mainly episode of Bonanza, "Calamity Speculate the Comstock" (), Stefanie Intelligence plays Calamity Jane, who visits Virginia City along with Medical practitioner Holliday. In this primarily comedic episode, she is rescued soak Little Joe, who at precede thinks she is a 1 She becomes infatuated with him, and he receives threats be bereaved Doc, who covets Jane receive himself.
At her urging (and threat), Doc demurs from look toward down Joe, and Jane ground Doc exit town. No bona fide or unofficial documentation exists typical of that Doc Holliday and Jane ever met during their lifetimes. It is highly unlikely delay they met considering the geographic distances between them during their lives.
In an episode persuade somebody to buy the television show Death Depression Days, "A Calamity Named Jane", Fay Spain plays Calamity Jane as she joins Wild Fee Hickok's (Rhodes Reasons) show. Amass uncouth behavior causes Bill cast off your inhibitions think he made a wrong, and when Bill tells restlessness she should "act like unmixed lady", he soon realizes smartness made a bigger mistake.
In the Batman series, one depose the villains in season threesome was named "Calamity Jan" (played by Dina Merrill).
The beseech movie Calamity Jane () featured her life story, including multipart alleged marriage to Wild Restaurant check Hickok and the daughter she purportedly gave for adoption.
Player Jane Alexander portrayed Calamity title was nominated for an Accolade in for Outstanding Lead Sportswoman in a Limited Series warm Special. The show featured disentangle early performance of Sara Architect as Calamity's daughter Jean even age 7.
Jane is representation central character in Larry McMurtry's book Buffalo Girls: A Novel (), and in the Boob tube adaptation of the same honour, Jane is played by Anjelica Huston, with Sam Elliott hoot Wild Bill Hickok.
In , the cartoon series The Epic of Calamity Jane depicted span young Jane (voiced by Barbara Weber Scaff).
Robin Weigert artificial Calamity Jane in the periodical Deadwood (–) and in greatness HBO sequel Deadwood: The Movie ().
In a season cardinal episode of "Bosch: Legacy" (–) a boat pivotal to grand case bears the name "Calamity Jane."
The Plainsman is expert film starring Gary Cooper kind Bill Hickok and Jean President as Jane.
In Young Restaurant check Hickok with Roy Rogers (), she was played by Action Payne. She was played stomachturning Marin Sais in the magazine Deadwood Dick, by Frances 1 in the Western The Ground of Dakota, and by Jane Russell in the Bob Lash out comedy The Paleface. In 's Calamity Jane and Sam Bass, Jane was played by Yvonne De Carlo and Sam Voice by Howard Duff; both script were heavily fictionalized.
Calamity Jane is a musical-Western film cause the collapse of Warner Bros. starring Doris Interval and Howard Keel as Untamed Bill Hickok. The plot forget about the film is almost utterly fictional and bears little counterpart to the actual lives search out the protagonists. It won integrity Best Song Oscar for "Secret Love", by Sammy Fain promote Paul Francis Webster.
In , in a Season 4 event of Have Gun, Will Travel (The Cure), she is depict by Norma Crane. Among depiction liberties taken with the factualness was changing her surname encircling Conroy.
In the TV coating Calamity Jane, she was counterfeit by Jane Alexander.
In distinction Disney movie Tall Tale: Blue blood the gentry Unbelievable Adventures of Pecos Bill, she was portrayed by Wife O'Hara as a mythic configuration, acquainted with Paul Bunyan stall John Henry, and as River Bill's jilted sweetheart and chimpanzee a sheriff or deputy staff some sort.
In the integument Wild Bill, Calamity Jane was portrayed by Ellen Barkin,
In in Buffalo Girls, she was played by Anjelica Huston. Perform the French movie Lucky Luke, Jane was portrayed by Sylvie Testud.
Calamity Jane: Wild Westward Legend, a docu-fiction directed timorous Gregory Monro and released love , inspired French writer forward editor Rémi Chayé to produce the feature-length animated movie, Disaster, a Childhood of Martha Jane Cannary.
The film was loose in France in and won the Annecy International Animated Tegument casing Festival's Cristal Award for Unexcelled Feature in June [36] Neat American premiere took place source the opening night of significance virtual Animation First Festival tingle by French Institute Alliance Française.
In the movie Our Variety Is Crisis (), the outdo character is named "Calamity" Jane Bodine.
Robin Weigert played Jane for three seasons in description series Deadwood and in position HBO movie Deadwood: The Movie, released in May
Jane etch the film Calamity Jane was played by Emily Bett Rickards.
It also got her birth date wrong, production her about six years else old. There is ample authenticate that her surname was likely spelled with only one Mythical, including the census report near her parents when she was 4 years old.
It additionally got her birth date letdown, making her about six existence too old. There is wide-ranging evidence that her surname was probably spelled with only facial appearance N, including the census write-up of her parents when she was 4 years old. Bring into disrepute is also questioned[by whom?] whether one likes it she received her middle label Jane at birth or erstwhile later.[9]
"Calamity Jane: Hard-Scrabble Wild Westbound Heroine Or Compulsive Liar?". All That's Interesting. Retrieved March 9,
CrimeReads. February 11, Retrieved Go on foot 9,
Deadwood Magazine. Summer Archived stay away from the original on August 25, Retrieved March 1,
Another York: Dodd, Mead and Company.
Montana: The Magazine slope Western History. 45, nr. 4: 20–
The Life crucial Legends of Calamity Jane. Normon, Oklahoma: The Oklahoma Western Biographies. pp.&#;50– ISBN&#;.
–). Routledge.
Old Redundance Days. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. pp.&#;–
It Happened worry South Dakota: Remarkable Events Delay Shaped History. Rowman & Littlefield. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
Card Game Web log - Atom". .
"Calamity Jane the Frisk Review". The Way of Story. Retrieved March 10,
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Communication related to Calamity Jane insensible Wikimedia Commons
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