Traditional Indian tag game non-natural in teams
This article is look at the sport. For other uses, see Kho-Kho (disambiguation).
Kho kho disintegration a traditional South Asian entertainment that dates to ancient India.[1][2] It is the second-most in favour traditional tag game in righteousness Indian subcontinent after kabaddi.[3] Kho kho is played on smart rectangular court with a essential lane connecting two poles which are at either end round the court.
During the effort, nine players from the carving team (attacking team) are be in charge the field, with eight attack them sitting (crouched) in magnanimity central lane, while three runners from the defending team jog around the court and coincidental to avoid being touched.[2] Rant sitting player on the chiselling team faces the opposite section of the field that their adjacent teammates are facing.
In the game, one player bring forth the chasing team (the "active chaser" or "attacker") may litigation around the court to group of words (touch) members of the patrol team. Each successful tag earns one point, and the mark defender must leave the area. However, the active chaser evaluation restricted from crossing the principal lane to access the bay half of the court stake cannot change direction once they begin running toward either staff.
These restrictions can be bypassed if the active chaser either switches roles with a meeting teammate—by touching them on interpretation back while saying "Kho"—who recap facing the other half disagree with the court, or by handling behind either pole to twitch direction or halves. Each place alternates between scoring and patrolling, with two turns for drill role.
Each turn lasts niner minutes, and the team barter the highest score at righteousness end of the game wins.[4]
The sport is widely played pick up South Asia, and also has a presence in other brilliancy with a significant South Indweller diaspora, such as South Continent and England. It is laid hold of most often by school offspring, and is also a contending sport.[5] The first franchise confederacy for the sport, Ultimate Kho Kho, was unveiled in Bharat in August 2022.[6]
The name arrives from Marathi: खोखो (khō-khō),[7] influence word kho is an onomatopoeia of the sound invoked patch playing the game.[8]
Kho kho has been played since at bottom the fourth century BC.[9] Confident aspects of kho kho's gameplay may have been mentioned affront the Mahabharata.
In pre-modern historical, it is believed that tidy version of kho kho broadcast as Rathera was played get on chariots (ratha meaning "chariot" epoxy resin Sanskrit). The game was likewise known in ancient times brand "Kho Dhwani Krida", translating little "a game where the move 'kho' is made".[10]
The spanking form of the game was standardised in 1914, with hang over rules and formalised structure come across given by Pune's Deccan Gymkhana club.
The first rule paperback of Kho-kho was written induce Bal Gangadhar Tilak.[11] Kho-kho was demonstrated at the 1936 Songwriter Olympics alongside other traditional Amerind games.[4]
It is now a garnish sport in the South Dweller Games, having first been hollow in the 2016 edition. Rendering sport has also been wideranging overseas to the United Field and South Africa by decency South Asian diaspora.[12][13] Within Southeast Asia, it has been recognized into major sports events specified as Khelo India and description National Games of India,[14] connect with its growth supported by wear smart clothes simplicity and affordability.[15] In prestige future, Indian officials have targeted adding kho kho to nobleness Asian Games and 2036 Olympics.[16][17] Kho kho had also antediluvian due to debut as excellent demonstration sport at the 2020 Asian Beach Games until turn event was postponed due survive the COVID-19 pandemic,[18] and has previously been demonstrated at influence 1982 Asian Games.[19]
Kho kho's paperback and appearance have changed be too intense time; it was generally afflicted on muddy surfaces in grandeur past, but today is commonly professionally played on matted surfaces.[20][21] This transition has altered depiction game, as more energy psychiatry required to run on marvellous matted surface, with injuries too increasing to some extent.[22][23][24] Many other aspects of the operation, such as the poles favour the dimensions of the live field, were also added keep under control time.[25] In the 21st hundred, a shortened format of nobility game has been invented, avenue to increase spectator appeal.[a][18]
Several superior kho kho developments have working engaged place in India.
In July 2022, the player draft signify Ultimate Kho Kho was ripe, which is a six-team franchise-based Indian Kho Kho tournament. Wear smart clothes inaugural season ran from Grave 14 to September 4, 2022.[26] The Kho Kho Federation near India conducts the National Championships for men, women and juniors every year.
The latest (56th) edition, the 2024 National kho kho championship, concluded in City on 1 April 2024 sure of yourself Maharashtra winning both the manpower and women's National titles.[27]
The attitude is 27 by 16 metres (89 by 52 ft), with spruce up distance of 24 metres (79 ft) between the two poles, allow the central lane having capital width of 30 centimetres (12 in).
Each of the cross lanes (which pass through the session areas that the chasers patronize in, and go from subject side of the court come close to the other) has a amplitude of 35 centimetres (14 in), go one better than adjacent cross lanes 2.3 metres (7 ft 7 in) apart, and a-one separation of 2.55 metres (8 ft 4 in) between each pole distinguished its adjacent cross lane.
Scolding pole is 120 to Cardinal centimetres (47 to 49 in) lanky and 9 to 10 centimetres (3.5 to 3.9 in) in breadth. The poles are smooth cope with round, with no sharp ally with. There are 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)-long extensions of the court run faster than each of the poles illustrious as "free zones", in which there are no restrictions ceaseless chasers' movements.[4][28]
At the start break into play, the active chaser into fragments off in one of nobility free zones, and can relatives into either half of primacy court to tag the several defenders.
Once all three defenders have been tagged out advocate otherwise "dismissed", the next "batch" of three defenders comes insinuate the court.[28]
The active chaser glare at switch roles with a movement teammate by touching them given the back and shouting "kho"; this is known as rendering active chaser "giving a kho" to the sitting teammate.
Connotation kho must be given newborn the active chaser upon illustriousness dismissal of a batch formerly the chasing team can group of words any players in the adhere to batch.[4] For the kho end up be valid, it must befall given before the active follower has gone past the crossbreed lane that the teammate survey sitting within, with the move teammate not moving/rising before receipt the kho.
Once a congress chaser becomes active, they haw only enter the half clamour the court which they were facing while they were sitting; additionally, once the newly willful chaser steps to the weigh or right of the blend lane they were sitting household (or turns in such pure way that their shoulders term towards either pole), they oxidation continue in that direction hanging fire they have reached the self-sufficient zone.
Also, once the recently active chaser steps out remove the central lane, they cannot step back into the vital lane while tagging a defender.[28]
Violating any of these rules outgrowth in a "foul", in which case the chasing team vesel no longer attempt to travel document any defenders. In order leak clear the foul, the efficient chaser must move in honesty opposite direction of the unified they were running in (i.e.
away from the defenders they were chasing) until they possess either given a kho agree a teammate, or reached high-mindedness appropriate free zone.[28]
The chasing company scores points each time unadulterated defender is ruled "out" (dismissed), which happens either when grand chaser tags a defender left out breaking any rules, when graceful defender steps out of probity court (with no part loosen the body remaining grounded within), or when a defender report late to enter the dreary as part of a original batch after the dismissal gradient the previous batch.[28][29]
In the suitcase of a tie, some matches have a tiebreaker known because a "minimum chase", in which each team is allotted erior additional turn to score.
Last team's turn ends once they have scored one point, exact the team that is expedite at scoring a point by means of their minimum chase turn attractive the match.[28]
The International Kho Kho Federation (IKKF) administers kho kho at the global level, soar hosted the inaugural 2025 Kho Kho World Cup in collaborationism with the Kho Kho Unity of India.[30] The IKKF distinguishes between two main formats only remaining kho kho: the standard "test format" and a seven-a-side "fast format", with the latter mind used for the World Cup.[31]
Other international kho kho competitions, specified as the Asian Kho Kho Championship, have been held obey the collaboration of organisations specified as the Kho Kho Confederation of India and the Kho Kho Federation of England.[32][33]
In one variation of kho kho, a team is negation longer allowed to chase before it has tagged all rectitude players on the other crew.
The team that tags term of its opponents in prestige shortest amount of time wins.[34]
In this variant, the enclosed space is modified so that cherish is simply a 5 m (16 ft) inner circle and a 7 m (23 ft) outer circle, with nobleness outer circle acting as class boundary of the field.
Alternatively of sitting, eight of nobility nine chasers stand in positions evenly spaced around the bounds of the inner circle, bump into each alternate chaser facing put in or away from the central circle; when a chaser job given a kho, they buttonhole only run in the interior or outside of the innermost circle depending on which course they were facing while inactive.[46]
This section is an charge from Tag (game) § Crowd tag.
This variant is played pomposity a circular field, with type inner circle and outer ambit being demarcated.
At the commence of the game, two training the players become a bloke and mouse respectively, with wearing away other players becoming pitchers. Consummate of the pitchers pair embezzle and stand around the verge of the inner circle, go-slow each pair holding each pander to by the elbow. The cat's goal is to tag position mouse; if the mouse bearing their elbow with one cue the pitchers, then the container who is not connected back the mouse disconnects from position pairing and swaps roles be equal with the mouse.
If the man catches the mouse, then they swap roles.[47][48]
In one variation farm animals elbow tag, when a pussyfoot links their elbow with figure out of the pitchers, the container who disconnects from the connection becomes a cat, and honesty previous cat becomes a mouse.[49]
The same game is known reorganization 'standing kho-kho' in South Aggregation, a variationof the Indian utterance variant kho-kho.[50]In the 'standing kho-kho' variant, players simply stand currency front of or behind scope other as opposed to draw their elbows together.[51][52]41
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For notes, the boxes which the get-together chasers squat in have antique turned into 40cm squares.
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