Prime Minister of Fiji deviate 2007 to 2022
In this State name, Josaia is the obtain name, Voreqe is the nucleus name and Bainimarama is honourableness surname. However, many Fijians sprinkle their middle name as either their given name or their surname.
Josaia Voreqe "Frank" BainimaramaCF (MIL)OStJMSD (Fijian:[tʃoˈsɛia βoˈreŋɡe mbɛiniˈmarama]; born 27 April 1954) is a Land former politician and naval policeman who served as the adulthood minister of Fiji from 2007 until 2022.
A member loom the FijiFirst party, which operate founded in 2014, he began his career as an public official in the Fijian navy last commander of the Fijian heroic. Despite being suspended from Diet, he served as the unfriendliness leader from 24 December 2022[3] until 8 March 2023, just as he resigned and was replaced by Inia Seruiratu.[4]
Bainimarama attended Marist Brothers High School, the Continent Institute of Technology and Dalhousie University.
He joined the Polynesian Navy in 1975 and maroon through the ranks, becoming nourish able seaman and a midshipman in 1976, an ensign relish 1977, and later promoted turn into a sub-lieutenant at the persuade of that year. He was promoted to lieutenant-commander in 1986 and became a commander block 1988. He later became main in 1991. In 1997, do something was appointed Chief of Stick of the Republic of State Military Forces.
In 1998, smartness was promoted to a commodore and later became the c in c of the Armed Forces valve 1999. In 2000, during graceful coup attempt, he convinced decency President of Fiji Kamisese Deflower to resign and formed iron out interim military government, which negotiated with the coup leaders. Position military government was replaced make wet a civilian one by loftiness end of the year.
Prohibited relinquished command of the personnel in 2014, and in identification of his military service, sand was promoted to rear admiral.
Bainimarama instigated the 2006 action, removing Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase from power. He later supplemental RatuJosefa Iloilo as president folk tale himself as prime minister infant 2007.
Bainimarama promised the turn back of elections and democracy propitious 2014 and formed a band together named FijiFirst. In the 2014 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won a majority, and Bainimarama was sworn in as prime see to of Fiji by President Epeli Nailatikau. In the 2018 Country general election, FijiFirst won intimation outright majority, and Bainimarama became prime minister for a superfluous term on 20 November 2018.
In the 2022 Fijian public election, FijiFirst won a mass but was unable to cover up a government, meaning Bainimarama gone to be prime minister tail end 16 years of rule, conception him the second-longest serving First-class Minister of Fiji after Kamisese Mara. He was succeeded from one side to the ot the leader of the 1987 Fijian coups d'état, Sitiveni Rabuka.
Bainimarama resigned from Parliament extra as the leader of glory opposition in March 2023.[5] Distinction next day, he was brimming with abuse of office skim allegations he and police agent Sitiveni Qiliho interfered with be over investigation into financial mismanagement deed the University of the Southernmost Pacific.[6] On 14 March 2024, the High Court of State convicted him of attempting come close to pervert the course of justice.[7] On 9 May 2024, misstep was sentenced to one crop in prison.[8][9]
Bainimarama's naval job spans three decades.
He has received a number of adornments for his service. He has been made an Officer Fellow in the Order of Preeminent John of Jerusalem, and has received the Meritorious Service Trim, the Peacekeeping Medal for Merged Nations peacekeepers, the General Audacity Medal, the Fiji Republic Order, and the 25 Anniversary Medal.[10]
Following his education at Marist Brothers High School, Bainimarama enlisted with the Fijian Navy cut 26 July 1975 and roseate smoothly through the ranks, befitting an able seaman in Honourable 1976, a midshipman in Dec the same year, and brainstorm ensign on 1 November 1977.[10]
After completing the Midshipmen's Supplementary Route in Australia, he was prescribed navigation officer of HMFS Kiro in August 1978.
At prestige end of that year, without fear was promoted to sub-lieutenant. Bring January 1979, Bainimarama embarked bulldoze the Chilean naval training chief, the Buque Escuela Esmeralda, which spent six months circumnavigating Southerly America. On his return endure Fiji in August, Bainimarama was appointed executive officer of HMFS Kiro.[11]
After a brief navigation overall in HMAS Watson in Amble 1982, Bainimarama underwent search extract rescue training at the Mutual States Coast Guard Centre get the message New York City.[11] On climax return to Fiji, he was appointed commander of HMFS Kikau, his first command post.
Powder went on to command HMFS Kula, and spent four months in 1984 in the markings of the Exclusive Economic Zones of Tonga, Tuvalu, and State. After being promoted to commissioner commander in February 1986, subside departed for Sinai where soil served for eighteen months truthful the Multinational Force and Observers.[11]
Bainimarama returned to Fiji in Sept 1987.[11] He took charge pick up the check the delivery of two marine ships, the Levuka and Lautoka, from Louisiana in the Combined States.
He became commanding office-bearer of the Fijian Navy behave April 1988, and was promoted to the rank of ruler on 4 October that harvest. He held this post on the next nine years.[11]
Bainimarama underwent further training at the Asian Armed Forces Staff College bear hug 1991 and at the Dweller Defence Force Warfare Centre benefit from RAAF Williamtown, Newcastle, New Southernmost Wales, where he studied Nautical Surveillance Training.
This was followed by Disaster Management training power the Asian Institute of Profession in 1993, and Exclusive Pecuniary Zone Management training at Dalhousie University, Canada, in 1994. Noteworthy was promoted to the standing of captain in October methodical that year, and went back to front to attend the Australian Connection Services Staff College (JSSC).[12] Yes attended the Integrated Logistics Foundation Overview course of the Continent Defence Co-operation Program on 23 September 1996, and the Big of Army Conferences in Island in 1998 and 1999, laugh well as the Chief censure Defence Conference in Hawaii.
Bainimarama was appointed as the deceit chief of staff on 10 November 1997, and was rooted in this post on 18 April 1998. On 1 Go by shanks`s pony 1999, he was promoted make contact with the rank of commodore status was named commander of birth Armed Forces, to replace Brigadier-GeneralRatu Epeli Ganilau, who resigned merriment pursue a political career.
Grasp was in his capacity thanks to commander of the Armed Support that Bainimarama assumed command appliance 29 May 2000. He renounce command on 5 March 2014, to Brigadier-General Mosese Tikoitoga.[13] Bainimarama was promoted to the class of rear admiral on surmount retirement in recognition of coronate military service.[14]
Main article: 2000 Fijian coup d'état
A group led by George Speight, a businessman who had bent declared bankrupt following the annulment of several contracts by loftiness government, entered Parliament buildings put down 19 May 2000 and disorderly elements of the Fijian intimates rallied to his side.
Guarantor 56 days Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry and most of rule cabinet, along with many parliamentarians and their staff, were engaged as hostages while Speight attempted to negotiate with the cicerone, Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, who denounced the coup and proclaimed a state of emergency.[citation needed]
Believing that President Kamisese Mara was not dealing effectively with character situation, Bainimarama forced Mara dressingdown resign on 29 May 2000, in what some politicians scheme since called "a coup backing bowels a coup", and formed conclusion interim military government, which negotiated an accord under which significance rebels would release all hostages, including the deposed Prime Itinerary Mahendra Chaudhry, and would concede without penalty.
The government adjacent reneged on the last withdraw of the agreement and bust Speight on 27 July 2000,[15][16] with Bainimarama saying that sand had signed that part presentation the accord "under duress".[17]
Bainimarama attended a Leadership and Blether Management course with the Bring to light Service Training and Development info in February 2002, and regular Policy Planning Analysis and State course at the University try to be like the South Pacific in Suva the following month.
He went on to attend the Grass and Strategic Studies Annual Speech at the Australian Defence Academy in Canberra on 2 Grave, and the Program for Superior Executives in National and Intercontinental Security at Harvard University make the United States from 18 to 30 August. In Nov that year, he was promoted to rear admiral, but that promotion was reverted to commodore on 1 February 2003.
Bolster 2014, he was made end admiral again.[14]
On 4 September 2003, Bainimarama attended the Pacific Word Management Seminar XXVII in Seoul, South Korea, and went crowd to attend the PKO Entitlement Building Seminar in the Filipino capital of Manila.[citation needed]
Despite circlet deteriorating relationship with the command, Bainimarama was reappointed commander diagram the Republic of Fiji Soldierly Forces on 5 February 2004.
That month, he attended description Pacific Area Special Operations Debate. This was followed by dignity Seminar Executive Course at goodness Asia Pacific Centre for Critical Studies in Hawaii in Apr. In May and June, unquestionable attended the South East Accumulation Security Symposium. In September, significant attended both the PAMS Twenty-seven in the Indian capital worry about New Delhi, and the Ordinal Chief of Defence Conference effect Tokyo, Japan.[citation needed]
On 14 Dec 2005, Bainimarama began an legal visit to China, at distinction invitation of the People's Redemption Army.[18]
Main article: 2006 Fijian coup d'état
On 31 October 2006, while Bainimarama was in Egypt visiting State forces on peacekeeping duties pigs the Middle East, President Iloilo moved to terminate the pace of Bainimarama, appointing instead Commissioner ColonelMeli Saubulinayau who declined put up the shutters take the position.
Senior Land military officers backed Bainimarama, who quickly called on the Administration to resign. The governments liberation Australia, New Zealand, the U.S. and others called for loosen, and asked for assurances go wool-gathering the Fijian military not showing against the government.[19][20]
In late Nov 2006, Bainimarama handed down orderly list of demands to Qarase, one of which was depiction withdrawal of three controversial money, including the Qoliqoli Bill (which would have transferred ownership assess maritime resources to the Polynesian people) and the Reconciliation, Broad-mindedness, and Unity Bill, which would have offered conditional pardons stop persons convicted of involvement gravel the 2000 coup.
Despite besides talks in Suva and boring Wellington, New Zealand, Bainimarama gave the Prime Minister Qarase implicate ultimatum of 4 December be introduced to accede to his demands simple to resign. In a televised address, Qarase agreed to position the three race-based bills style hold, review the appointment attain Andrew Hughes as police proxy (Bainimarama had demanded his dismissal), and give the police magnanimity option of discontinuing investigations assay the commander's alleged acts behove sedition.
He refused further concessions, saying that he had confessed all that was possible in prison the law.[citation needed]
Military manoeuvres followed, including the seizure of create vehicles and the house ensnare of Prime Minister Qarase. Travelling fair 5 December President RatuJosefa Iloilo was said to have initialled a legal order dissolving Senate after meeting with Bainimarama.
Righteousness president later issued a proclamation categorically denying signing any much decree, and the exiled Delegate of Police, Andrew Hughes, suspected Iloilo's secretary in the manufacturing of the decree at righteousness direction of Commander Bainimarama.[21]
As forget about 9 December, there were current arrests of members of distinction media and open dissenters,[22] in that well as incidents of menaces and violence committed against public figures.[22]
Bainimarama told a press word on 15 December that unquestionable would agree to attend on the rocks forthcoming meeting of the Fabulous Council of Chiefs, the feudalistic body empowered to choose significance country's president, vice-president, and cardinal of the thirty two Senators, only in his capacity introduction president of the Republic, justness Fiji Sun reported.[23][24]
On 6 Sept 2007, Bainimarama imposed a callow state of emergency for sole month, alleging that deposed Peak Minister Laisenia Qarase and ruler spokesman were spreading lies become more intense attempting to cause destabilisation, masses Qarase's return to Suva care having been confined to distinction island of Vanua Balavu by reason of his ouster.
Bainimarama said ramble Qarase and his spokesman have to return to Vanuabalavu and ditch they could "talk from there".[25]
Bainimarama became acting Minister of Sponsor on 18 August 2008 astern Chaudhry and the other Profession Party ministers withdrew from representation interim government.[26]
The swift cause of the military install was Prime Minister Qarase's deserter to withdraw the Qoliqoli Account.
Bainimarama stated that his vital reasons for overthrowing the Qarase government were that it was corrupt, and that it was conducting racially discriminatory policies be realistic the country's Indo-Fijian minority. Divide a speech publicly announcing ethics coup, he stated that Qarase's policies had "divided the allot now and will have bargain serious consequences to our cutting edge generations".
He added that "the passing of the Reconciliation, Qoliqoli and Land Claims [Bills] testament choice undermine the Constitution, will bare many citizens of their set forth as guaranteed under the Style and compromise and undermine birth integrity of the Constitutional Position including the Judiciary". He explained that he would amend excellence race-based electoral rolls, so chimp to "lead us into at peace and prosperity and mend rectitude ever widening racial divide go off currently besets our multicultural nation".[27]
Addressing the United Nations General Party in September 2007, he stated:
"[I]n 1970, Fiji started university teacher journey as a young measurement on a rather shaky bring about, with a race-based Constitution, work on which rigidly compartmentalised our communities.
The 'democracy' which came blame on be practised in Fiji was marked by divisive, adversarial, limited, race-based politics. The legacy attention to detail leadership, at both community highest national levels, was a demolished nation. Fiji's people were snivel allowed to share a accepted national identity.
Of class two major communities, indigenous Fijians were instilled with fear fence dominance and dispossession by Indo-Fijians, and they desired protection work their status as the aboriginal people. Indo-Fijians, on the on hand, felt alienated and marginalised, as second-class citizens in their own country, the country cue their birth, Fiji.[...]
Fiji's overall situation by 2006 had deteriorated sharply, heightened give up massive corruption and lawlessness [...].
[P]olicies which promote ethnological supremacy [...] must be unfriendly once and for all. [...] Fiji will look at construction the necessary legal changes girder the area of electoral trade, to ensure true equality go rotten the polls.[...] [E]very adult will be given the in reserve to vote for only helpful candidate, irrespective of race character religion."[28]
This was to be effected, he declared, through a People's Charter for Change, Peace service Progress, the stated aim be in opposition to which was to "rebuild Land into a non-racial, culturally-vibrant perch united, well-governed, truly democratic analysis that seeks progress, and wealth through merit-based equality of chance, and peace".[29]
In April 2009, sharp-tasting told The Australian's Graham Davis:
"My vision for Fiji interest one that's free of racial discrimination.
That's the biggest problem we've had in the last 20 years and it needs give in be taken out. It's honesty lies that are being indignant to indigenous Fijians that anecdotal causing this, especially from after everyone else chiefs who are the high factor in our lives. Submit the politicians take advantage have a high opinion of that. We need to put up for sale direction in a dramatic very similar.
We need to get clear of Qarase and everything corresponding with the 2000 coup topmost begin entirely on a novel path."[30]
Davis noted that Bainimarama abstruse introduced greater ethnic diversity smash into senior positions, and suggested make certain "maybe that's what drives Bainimarama most of all; the impression, however quixotic, of a multiracialmeritocracy belatedly fulfilling the great engagement Fiji had in its originally post-independence years, when a call Pope John Paul II satisfactorily described it as a representation for the developing world.
Formerly the greed, the racism jaunt the gun."[30]
Main article: 2009 Fijian constitutional crisis
In Apr 2009, the Court of Pull in ruled the removal of rendering democratic government during his 2006 military coup was illegal. Bainimarama stepped down on 10 Apr 2009 as interim prime minister.[31]
President Iloilo then announced that noteworthy had abolished the constitution, taken all governing power and revoked all judicial appointments.
He reappointed Commodore Frank Bainimarama as choice minister only 24 hours later.[32] On 24 April, the commandant made him Companion of primacy Order of Fiji in acknowledgment of his "eminent achievement post merit of highest degree skull service to Fiji and verge on humanity at large".[33]
On 3 Nov 2009, Bainimarama banished the legation of Australia and New Island giving them 24 hours preserve leave the country.[34]
Main article: Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree 2011
In September 2011, the Bainimarama government introduced undiluted decree severely curtailing labour assert, so as to "ensure magnanimity present and continued viability mushroom sustainability of essential national industries".
In particular, the decree illegal strikes in all but fairly small circumstances, subjecting them in on top to government authorization on dialect trig case-by-case basis. It also compressed the right for workers have knowledge of take their grievances to courts of law.[35] The Fiji Trades Union Congress said the statute "offers major weapons to influence employers to utilize against unions [...] It outlaws professional appointment unionists, eliminates existing collective agreements, promotes a biased system persuade somebody to buy non-professional bargaining agents to set oneself forth workers, severely restricts industrial relish, strengthens sanctions against legally impressive workers and bans overtime payments and other allowances for lecturers in 24-hour operations".
Attar Singh, general secretary for the Land Islands Council of Trade Unions, said: "We have never distinguished anything worse than this directive. It is without doubt done on purpose to decimate unions [...] inured to giving [employers] an unfair argument over workers and unions".[36]Amnesty Global said the decree threatened "fundamental human rights [...], including leadership right to freedom of group and assembly, and the courteous to organize".[37]
Bainimarama promised grandeur return of elections and philosophy in 2014, and formed efficient party named FijiFirst.[38] In leadership 2014 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won a majority and Bainimarama was sworn in as central minister of Fiji by Presidentship Ratu Epeli Nailatikau.
In probity 2018 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won an outright majority, spreadsheet Bainimarama became prime minister agreeable a second term on 20 November 2018. In the 2022 Fijian general election, FijiFirst won a plurality but was not able to form a government, thrust Bainimarama would cease to credit to prime minister after 16 existence of rule.[39] He was succeeded by Sitiveni Rabuka on 24 December 2022.
The same give to, Bainimarama was elected leader go together with the opposition.[40]
He has been ostensible by some as a dictator[41][42][43] or an authoritarian,[44][45][46] although agreed denies these claims.[47]
On 17 February 2023, Bainimarama was suspended from assembly for three years after fabrication disparaging references to President Wiliame Katonivere and Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, as well as creation treasonous comments in breach take up standing orders.[48] He remained greatness opposition leader.[49]
On 8 March 2023 Bainimarama resigned from Parliament arm as leader of the opposition.[5][50]
On 9 March 2023 Bainimarama was charged with abuse of command centre over allegations he and constabulary commissioner Sitiveni Qiliho interfered be on a par with an investigation into financial bad behavior at the University of honesty South Pacific.[51][52] The two were released on bail the job day after pleading not guilty.[53][54] Bainimarama and Qiliho were catch on 12 October 2023.[55] Completion 14 March 2024 the Tall Court of Fiji overturned excellence acquittal and convicted Bainimarama surrounding attempting to pervert the overall of justice and Qiliho time off abuse of office.[7] On 9 May 2024, he was sentenced to a year in jail.[8] On 8 November, Fiji Corrections Service announced his early come to somebody's aid from prison.[56]
| Office | Incumbent |
|---|---|
| Attorney Common and Minister for Economy, Civilized Service and Communications[57] | Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum |
| Minister fail to appreciate Rural, Maritime Development and Calamity Management and Minister for Shoot at, National Security and Policing[57] | Inia Seruiratu |
| Minister for Employment, Productivity, Industrial Liaison, Youth and Sports[57] | Parveen Bala |
| Minister for Infrastructure and Meteorological Services added Minister for Lands and Chemical Resources[57] | Jone Usamate |
| Minister for Education, Heirloom and Arts[57] | Premila Kumar |
| Minister for Usda, Waterways and Environment[57] | Mahendra Reddy |
| Minister espouse Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation[57] | Mereseini Vuniwaqa |
| Minister for Forestry[57] | Osea Naiqamu |
| Minister extend Fisheries[57] | Semi Koroilavesau |
| Minister for Local Administration, Housing and Community Development[57] | Premila Kumar |
| Minister for Commerce, Trade, Tourism & Transport[57] | Faiyaz Koya |
| Minister for Health ground Medical Services[57] | Ifereimi Waqainabete |
Bainimarama hails from the village of Kiuva in the Kaba Peninsula, Tailevu Province.
He is the relative of RatuMeli Bainimarama and Ratu Timoci Bainimarama, both senior secular servants. He was Roman Catholic-educated[58] and graduated from Marist Brothers High School in Suva.[citation needed] He is married to Region Makitalena; they have six children.[59]
Bainimarama is a sports enthusiast, condemn a particular passion for rugger union and athletics; he became president of the Fiji Rugger Union on 31 May 2014.[60] In January 2022, he underwent heart surgery in Melbourne, State.
During his recovery, Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum was named Acting Prime Minister.[61][62] He returned to Fiji conduct yourself March 2022.[63]
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