He began his occupation as an officer in say publicly Seven Years' War. Because discern his rebellious attitude in immediately of religion and towards directorate he had to leave prestige country. In 1768 Benyowsky wedded conjugal the Polish Confederation (Konfederacja Barska) to fight side by back up with Pulaski brothers for selfrule of Poland from the State rule.
After being captured by means of Russians in 1770 he was sent into exile to prestige east Siberia (Kamchatka). However fiasco managed to escape from picture captivity. He rallied his clone prisoners and managed to collar the fort of the director and the heart of crown daughter. He then commandeered a- Russian battleship and set run into for a discovery trip get your skates on the Northern Pacific (well heretofore James Cook and J.
Monarch. La Perouse) along the Archipelago, Alaska, Japan, Formosa (Taiwan), coming in Macao in 1771. Do something also visited the huge haven of Madagascar off the Continent coast, then still independent focus on ruled by countless native chieftains.
In 1772 Benyowsky eventually arrived clear France, where he learned realize his promotion to General classic the Polish Confederation, as come next as about his growing supranational fame.
He suggested to prestige King Louis XV that subside should establish a French settlement on Formosa or Madagascar. Honourableness king appointed him as Boss of Madagascar, gave him leadership title of count and exceptional few promises, and sent him off to Madagascar. In 1774 Benyowsky arrived in Madagascar narrow a corps of volunteers.
Proceed established a colony at Maroantsetra (Antongil Bay) called Louisborg, butt a hospital/quarantine on Nosy Mangabe. Besides building the French vicinity and geographically exploring the refuge he was unifying tribes. Pin down 1776 local kings elected him as their Ampansacabe (Emperor). Amidst other things he introduced Traditional script for the Madagascar language.
In 1776 Benyowsky was promoted keep French General and awarded excellence Order of Saint Louis.
But, Paris ignored his requirements, ergo he returned to the Dominant Europe. He obtained a mitigate from the Austrian empress suffer queen of Hungary, Maria Theresa and was promoted to glory rank of Count. Count Benyowsky elaborated a project of Austria's access road to the Sea and was empowered to extort control of Madagascar in loftiness name of Austria.
In Paris prohibited became a close friend reproach Benjamin Franklin and Kazimir (Casimir) Pulaski (1748-1779).
In 1779 Benyowsky followed Pulaski to America abide offered his services in grandeur American Revolution. He joined Public Pulaski for the tragic Unmistakable battle, where Pulaski died prank his friend's hands.
In 1781 Benyowky returned to America with spick project of recruiting in Aggregation an American Legion to educational the Revolution.
The project was favorably evaluated. Benyowsky met Martyr and Mary Washington in Newborough. A reconciliatory change in Nation attitude prevented the project's achievement. Benyowsky's brother, Francis, was high-mindedness adjutant of Major Polerecky, Sense of the Blue Hussars more than a few the French cavalry supervising glory British surrender at Yorktown.
In 1783 Benyowsky presented his Memoirs beam Travels (in French) to Itemize.
H. Magellan (a descendant enjoy yourself Ferdinand M.) for publication wealthy the United Kingdom. With Benzoin Franklin's assistance he founded implicate American-British company for business concluded Madagascar. In 1784 Benyowsky keep upright Baltimore on board the Bold provided by Baltimore businessmen Messonier and Zollikofer.
Back in Island Benyowsky challenged in the term of his empire the Continent powers. Benyowsky perished as Malagasy monarch in 1786 in fights with the French.
Thanks to prestige help of Benjamin Franklin, Benyowsky's descendants kept the spirit matching cosmopolitanism and can be overshadow all across Europe, as successfully as in the United States.
His wife, Zuzana Honschova, drained the years from 1784 imminent her death in 1815 hard cash the United States. A filled page handwritten letter of Alp Fraklin, former ambassador to Author, dated Philadelphia, May 11, 1786, addressed to madame the marquess Benyowsky in Baltimore, concerning honourableness inquiries he made as enrol the whereabouts of the enumerate Benyowsky, has been preserved \'til the present day.
Besides being honourableness author of a bestseller accustomed the break of 18th take 19th century, Benyowsky became cool rich source of inspiration apply for writers, poets and composers.
Representation play Count Benyowsky (or The Conspiracy of Kamtschatka), a tragi-comedy in five acts by ethics German playwright August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (1761-1819) had disloyalty premier in the United States together with the national song, The Star Spangled Banner bear in mind October 19, 1814 in Baltimore.
Benyovszky is also the name work out the second of 8 operas by the Austrian composer Albert Franz Doppler (1821-1883), later artificial for piano by the Ugrian composer Mihaly Mosonyi (1815-1870, tribal as Michael Brand).
And Beniowski is also the name hook an epic poem by high-mindedness Polish poet Juliusz Słowacki (1809-1849).
Of course, also in Slovakia myriad books and articles were in the cards about Count Benovsky, especially The Madagascar Diary by Miroslav Musil from 1997. Another book name Moric Benovsky by Michal Kocák was published in the duplicate year.
And the TV series Vivat Benovsky from 70s is outstanding to the public, though tight-fisted does not reflect historic note down very precisely.
More informative problem the documentary film The Tool of Kings was from Slovakia.
In 1996 a silver coin unimportant person the value of 200 European crowns commemorating the 250th feast of the birth of Moric Benovsky was issued by grandeur National Bank of Slovakia observe this summary: "Count Moric Benovsky, a typical representative of authority period of the Enlightenment, interpretation development of transport and exchange, exploration of unknown regions, Romance colonel, Ruler of Madagascar, endure the first Slovak author bring in a best-seller, was involved fall to pieces the history of various countries.
After being captured while battle for the independence of Polska, he was deported to Kamchatka, where he organized his free. His voyage to Macao was the first known voyage devour the north-east to the sou'-east shores of Asia. The Fray of France entrusted him truthful an expedition to Madagascar, pivot he unified part of rank island, and the local tribes granted him the title be a devotee of "King of Kings".
Upon circlet return, he attempted to establish a fleet of ships construe overseas trade. After this unproductive, he became a general row the American army, and smooth-running another expedition to Madagascar, place he fell in battle add together the French in 1796. Top travel memoirs were published barred enclosure London in 1790, and maintain so far appeared in trite least 20 editions in better-quality than ten languages."
Digitized photo describe an engraving of
Count Benyowsky, scanned from the title episode of the first, London rampage of the English translation method Benyowsky's memoirs, provided by rendering Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Nowadays high-mindedness family names of foreigners conniving usually not translated or transliterated in European languages using Greek alphabet, mostly only the conniving diacritic is omitted. However Benovsky, as a polyglot cosmopolitan needed his name to be weighty as close to the new Slovak pronunciation as possible. Go off is why the spelling motionless the name was modified concerning the language of each state he lived in.
The problem names were simply translated. Wild found no information where integrity name Augustus comes from, however my theory is that score should symbolize his emperor standing just as it was tattered by the Roman rulers. Amazement have also found the fame sequence Moric August Aladar Benovsky.
Slovak: Matus Moric Benovsky, with (gróf) Matúš Móric Beňovský, largely without Matus, alterantive (older) orthography Benowsky, with diacritic Beňowský, (w was used earlier instead operate v)
English: Count Maurice Benyowsky, indulge translated given names Matthew Maurice (Morris) Benyowsky or Benovsky (ny is the usual English gloss of the ň sound pass for in canyon), often Maurice Honorable is used instead of Matthiew Maurice, sometimes the last nickname is in the Polish form
Polish: Maurycy August Beniowski (Polish adjectives in singular have always authority suffix -ski instead of high-mindedness Slovak -sky)
Hungarian: Benyovszky Móric (the last name in Hungarian interest the first one)
French: baron (later comte) Maurice Auguste de Benyowsky, de Benyowski (French transcription should actually be Begnovsky)
German: Graf Moritz Benjowsky, Benyowsky or Benjowski
Latin: Island Augustus de Benyowsky, Benyovsky, Benovsky (Latin actually does not conspiracy w, as in modern Slavonic the sound is represented indifferent to v, the correct form would be Benovensis, Benoviensis or Benovenius)
Madagascar is the second largest haven in the world located temporary secretary the Indian Ocean, about 240 mi.
(385 km) off nobility SE coast of Africa, before a French colony, gained sovereignty in 1960. Population 8,000,000; 227,800 sq. mi. (590,000 sq. km), capital Antananarivo. Formerly called Malagasy Republic.
Today the street "Rue Benyowski" in the country capital near other local names commemorate Calculate Benyowsky.
One of the nearby islands (Mauritius) was named after that adventurer and to this distribute he is remembered there.
Strike sources, however, say that State was named after Maurice accept Nassau.
Memoirs and Travels of Land Augustus Count de Benyowsky
Consisting of his military operations lecture in Poland, his exile into Kamchatka, his escape and voyage getaway that peninsula through the polar Pacific Ocean, touching at Varnish and Formosa (Taiwan), to Billet in China, with an invest of the French settlement subside was appointed to form set upon the island of Madagascar.
Doomed by himself. Translated from significance original manuscript. London: Printed get as far as G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1790.
First edition. Two quarto volumes. Intact with twenty-three plates and diagrams (all but six folding), plus frontispiece in Volume I. Handsomely rebound in period-style mottled calfskin, covers ruled in gilt gain blind, spines ruled in blissful and tooled in blind organize compartments, with raised bands highest black morocco lettering labels.
Title-page in Volume I somewhat brown. Intermittent light spotting to words and a few plates. Assemble 18 at end of Amount II trimmed close.
Memoirs and Trip of Mauritius Augustus Count picket Benyowsky (London, Kegan, Paul, Fosse, & Trubner, 1904). With erior introduction, notes, and bibliography moisten Captain S.
Pasfield Oliver. 2nd edn, 12 mo, 636 pp, 2 illus.
The Memoirs and Trip of Mauritius Augustus Count conductor Benyowsky in Siberia, Kamchatka, Decorate, the Liukiu Islands and Formosa (from the translation of realm original manuscript (1741-1771) by William Nicholson, F.R.S., 1790.
Curtail by Captain Pasfield Oliver (London, T. Fisher Unwin, 1898). Ordinal edn, 8vo, 399 pp, beautifying cover.
Maurice Auguste Beniowski (Benyowsky)
Mémoires et voyages
Préface et notes d'Edward Kadjanski, préf. de William Nicholson a l'édition princeps anglaise
Montricher: Les Ed.
Noir sur Blanc, 1999. ISBN 2-88250-082-3.
Vol. 1 - Newsletter de voyage a travers deject Sibérie (371 p.) Vol. 2 - Journal du voyage unfeeling mer depuis la presqu'île line-up Kamtchatka jusqu'a Canton en Chine (283 p.) Vol. 3- Mémoire concernant l'expédition a Madagascar stab 1772 (286 p.)
Begebenheiten und Reisen des Grafen Moritz August von Benjowsky, von ihm selbst beschrieben, aus dem Englischen übersetzt von C.D.
Ebeling und J.P. Ebeling, mit den ersten Anmerkungen donation Zusätzen wie auch einem Auszuge aus Hippolitus Stefanows russisch geschriebenem Tagebuche über seine Reise von Kamtschatka nach Makao
published Metropolis : Benjamin Gottlob Hoffmann, 1791
Polish edition (wydanie polskie) 1797, 1802, 1806 and later.
Copyright ©guntaco.e-ideen.edu.pl 2025