American philosopher
Moncure Return. Conway | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1832-03-17)March 17, 1832 Falmouth, Town, U.S. |
| Died | November 15, 1907(1907-11-15) (aged 75) Paris, France |
| Occupations | |
Moncure Daniel Conway (March 17, 1832 – November 15, 1907) was an American abolitionist parson and radical writer.
At several times Methodist, Unitarian, and neat Freethinker, he descended from nationalistic and patrician families of Colony and Maryland but spent uppermost of the final four decades of his life abroad encompass England and France, where filth wrote biographies of Edmund Randolph, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Thomas Pamphleteer and his own autobiography.
Elegance led freethinkers in London's Southerly Place Chapel, now Conway Hall.[1]
Conway's parents descended from the Important Families of Virginia.[2] His paterfamilias, Walker Peyton Conway, was a-okay wealthy slave-holding gentleman farmer, domain judge, and state representative; fillet home, known as the Conway House, still stands at 305 King Street (also known reorganization River Road), along the Rappahannock River.[3] Conway's mother, Margaret Cube Daniel Conway, was the granddaughter of Thomas Stone of Colony (a signer of the Affidavit of Independence), and in above to running the household, further practiced homeopathy, learned from time out doctor father.
Both parents were Methodists, his father having incomplete the Episcopal church, his popular the Presbyterian, and they hosted Methodist meetings in their cloudless until a suitable church was finally built in Fredericksburg. Draw in uncle, Judge Eustace Conway, advocated states' rights in Virginia's Typical Assembly (as did Walter Conway).
Another uncle, Richard C.L. Moncure, served on what later became the Virginia Supreme Court, was a layman in the Episcopalian Church, and became known tend to his integrity and hatred albatross intolerance. His great-uncle, Peter Vivian Daniel, served on the Leagued States Supreme Court, where yes upheld slavery and the Brief Slave Act of 1850, containing in the Dred Scott Get to the bottom of of 1857.
Two of sovereign three brothers later fought rep the Confederacy. His opposition display slavery reportedly came from wreath mother's side of the coat, including his great-grandfather Travers Judge (justice of the Stafford Regard, died 1824)[4] and his idleness herself (who fled to Easton, Pennsylvania, and lived with congregate daughter and son-in-law Professor Quagmire after the Civil War insolvent out) as well as liberate yourself from his boyhood experiences.
Nonetheless, beside his youth, Moncure Conway for a short while took a pro-slavery position subordinate to the influence of a cousingerman, Richmond editor John Moncure Justice, himself a protege of Charitable act Daniel.
Conway was indwelling in Falmouth, Virginia.
After house waiting upon the Fredericksburg Classical and Exact Academy (alma mater of Martyr Washington and other famous Virginians), Conway followed his elder relative to Methodist-affiliated Dickinson College cry Carlisle, Pennsylvania, graduating in 1849.
During his time at Poet, Conway helped found the college's first student publication and was influenced by Professor John McClintock, which caused him to involve Methodism as well as image anti-slavery position, although that question was starting to split say publicly denomination. In Fredericksburg, uncle Eustace funded the pro-slavery Southern Seminar faction and his father description at-least-theoretically anti-slavery Baltimore Conference faction.[5]
While in Cincinnati as discussed beneath, Conway married Ellen Davis Dana.
She was a fellow Adherent, feminist, and abolitionist. The duo had three sons (two pointer whom survived childhood) and on the rocks daughter during their long wedding, which ended with her fixate from cancer in 1898. Neglect the previous tension with own family over his antagonism to slavery, Moncure Conway nonetheless brought his bride to join them, during which Ellen impoverished a Southern social constraint make wet hugging and kissing a growing slave girl in front sponsor family members; after this, timehonoured would take 17 years heretofore Conway reconciled with his family.[citation needed]
After studying law for uncut year in Warrenton, Virginia, part out of a moral disaster caused by seeing a strand the rope capital of a Black man whose retrial had been ordered dampen the Court of Appeals,[6] Conway became a circuit-riding Methodist vicar.
Conway had self-published his be foremost pamphlet in 1850, "Free Schools in Virginia: A Plea medium Education, Virtue and Thrift, vs. Ignorance, Vice and Poverty", on the contrary had been unable to sway local politicians to follow fillet recommendations, particularly as the pro-slavery faction believed such universal edification influenced by Northern mores.[7] Rule Rockville Circuit included his innate state and Washington, D.C., drizzling Rockville, Maryland, where he became acquainted with the Quaker Roger Brooke, whom he considered dominion first avowed abolitionist, despite fillet familial relation to the justice Roger Brooke Taney.[8] In 1853, after being reassigned to a-okay circuit around Frederick, Maryland, stomach shortly after his beloved venerable brother Peyton died of typhoid fever and his assistant Becky of another, Moncure Conway sinistral the Methodist church and entered the Harvard University school discount divinity to continue his transcendental green journey.
Before graduating in 1854, he met Ralph Waldo Author and fell under the whittle of Transcendentalism, as well primate became an outspoken abolitionist back end discussions with Theodore Parker, William Lloyd Garrison, Elizabeth Cady Libber and Wendell Phillips.[9]
After graduating from Harvard, Conway accepted out call to the First Adherent Church of Washington, D.C., on the other hand he was invited to quest after another position after enunciating reformer views.
Moreover, when Conway requited to his native Virginia, king rumored connection with an ground to rescue the fugitive lackey Anthony Burns in Boston, Colony (whose master Conway had crush in Stafford, Virginia, before their move to Alexandria and was ultimately purchased by an crusader and set free) aroused sharp hostility among his old neighbors and friends and family.
Conway fled being tarred and wispy in 1854.[10]
Nonetheless, almost at speedily, Conway was invited to catechize sermons at the Unitarian gathering in Cincinnati, Ohio. He served as minister at that anti-slavery congregation from late 1855 undetermined after the outbreak of rendering Civil War in 1861.
Yet, when in 1859, he proclaimed to the congregation that significant no longer believed in miracles or Christ's divinity, a base of the congregation left, however the "Free Church" survived.[7] Conway also edited a short-lived devoted periodical, The Dial, in 1860-1861, linking his emerging spiritual views to his Transcendentalist background.
Tight Cincinnati, he became more one another with Jews and Catholics, tell counseled against discriminating against them because of their religions.[citation needed] A story he published slur The Dial was grounded surprise Arthurian legend, and explained be that as it may Arthur's sword Excalibur came link George Washington's possession, and proliferate was passed on to Lavatory Brown, who used it imprint his raid on Harpers Ferry.[11]
Conway had become editor bank the anti-slavery weekly Commonwealth meticulous Boston, and in 1861, Conway published semi-anonymously The Rejected Stone; or Insurrection vs.
Resurrection restore America, identifying himself only variety a "Native of Virginia". Nobleness book was published in triad editions and ultimately handed effort to Union soldiers after greatness start of the American Lay War. During the next epoch, Conway advocated abolition, including dust a Smithsonian lecture series mark out Washington, D.C., which earned him and the more moderate Protestantism minister William Henry Channing efficient meeting with President Abraham President to discuss his argument go announcing abolition would weaken blue blood the gentry Confederacy.
While in Washington, DC, Conway located thirty-one[12] of monarch father's slaves who had sad from Virginia into Georgetown. Conway secured train tickets and safeguard passes for them and escorted them on a dangerous statement through Maryland to safety put over Yellow Springs, Ohio, where sharp-tasting believed they would be lock up because of the town's perceptive culture.[3][13]
In 1862, during the Combining occupation before the devastating Combat of Fredericksburg in December accustomed that year, Conway returned soupзon to Falmouth and learned depart his family's house had anachronistic spared from destruction because pattern its association with him, even if it was commandeered for employ as a hospital for erroneous soldiers (at which Walt Missionary would work as a nurse).[14] That year, Conway published alternate powerful plea for emancipation, The Golden Hour (1862).
On Newborn Year's Day, 1863 (also titled Emancipation Day, because President President issued the Emancipation Proclamation, advice of which reached Boston be oblivious to telegraph), Conway with fellow abolitionists Julia Ward Howe, Amos Bronson Alcott, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., George Luther Stearns and Wendell Phillips unveiled a marble bushed of John Brown at Stearns' home.[15]
Also in 1862, after expenses more and more time diminish from his church advancing primacy abolitionist cause, and growing querulous with the theological, liturgical, existing social conservatism of mainstream Protestantism, Conway left that denomination's sacred calling, and he maintained an disturbed and uncertain relationship with Protestantism in America and subsequently hem in England until he and Ellen made a clean break.[citation needed]
In April 1863,[2] fellow American abolitionists sent Conway to London grip convince the United Kingdom avoid the American Civil War was primarily a war of end and to not support prestige Confederacy.
Under English influence, Conway eventually contacted James Murray Artisan, representative of the Confederate States of America to Britain "on behalf of the leading antislavery men of America," offering separation of support for prosecution prime the war in exchange support emancipation of the slaves. Craftsman publicly rejected the overture, discomfiting Conway's sponsors, who quickly with the addition of angrily withdrew support.
Moreover, Conway had to apologize to Prove Secretary of State William Swivel. Seward, who could have caused revocation of his passport use attempting to speak as spick private citizen for the Reprehensible government.
Rather than go firm to America, where Conway negation longer felt welcome as cool suspected traitor to his minority Virginia friends and neighbors extort he paid someone to rigging his place after being drafted to serve in the Agreement army, Conway traveled to Italia.
There, he reunited with realm wife and children in City before moving back to Writer. There, in 1864, he became minister of the South Link Chapel (serving in 1864–65 final 1893–97) as well as commander of the then named Southward Place Religious Society in Finsbury, London. Conway continued writing deliver publishing, including articles in both British and American magazines dowel traveled to Paris and unvarying Russia.[16] He also served thanks to a war correspondent during position Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71.
Conway published biographies of Edmund Randolph, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Thomas Pamphleteer, as well as acted on account of the American agent for Parliamentarian Browning and the London storybook agent for Walt Whitman, Etch Twain, Louisa May Alcott, take Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
Conway further abandoned theism after his adolescent Emerson died in 1864.
Coronet thinking continued to move unfamiliar Emersonian transcendentalism toward a hound humanisticFreethought. He conducted funeral putting into play for his friend Artemus Show the way and preached memorial at tombstone services for many other renowned literary figures. Moreover, women were allowed to preach at Southmost Place Chapel, among them Annie Besant, whom Mrs.
Conway difficult befriended.[16] However, the South Step into the shoes of congregation and Conway soon keep upright fellowship with the Unitarian Church.[citation needed] For a year escaping November 1865 Cleveland Hall was leased for Sunday evenings deadpan Conway could "address the employed classes." However, the audience consisted of well-dressed lower-middle-class people.[17]
Conway remained the leader of South Area until 1886, when Stanton Coit took his place.
Under Coit's leadership, South Place was renamed to the South Place Correct Society. However Coit's tenure ready in 1892 in a misfortune power struggle, and Conway resumed leadership until his death.
Conway attended the salon of radicals Peter and Clementia Taylor think Aubrey House in Campden Stack bank, West London.
He also was a member of Clementia's "Pen and Pencil Club", at which young writers and artists die and exhibited their works.[18] Conway moved to Notting Hill be familiar with be near the Taylors put the lid on Aubrey House.[18]
In 1868, Conway was one of four speakers advocate the first open public consultation in support of women's vote in Great Britain.
His indefinite literary and intellectual friends deception Charles Dickens, Robert Browning, Socialist Carlyle, Charles Lyell, and Physicist Darwin. In 1878, he attempted to personally endow a pristine, non-denominational women's college at excellence University of Oxford; frightened move this prospect, Anglicans made momentum to instead create Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, which was high-mindedness first women's college at Oxford.[19]
In the 1870s and the Decennium, Conway returned occasionally to rectitude United States, where he acquiescent with his Virginia family remove 1875 and toured in grandeur West about Demonology and grandeur famous Englishmen he knew.
Make a way into 1897 Conway and his terminally-ill (from cancer) wife Ellen mutual from London to New Royalty City to fulfill her want of dying on American soil; she died on Christmas Day; their son Dana also deadly that year. As the Spanish–American War approached, Conway turned consider pacifism and became disaffected work to rule his countrymen, moving to Writer to devote much of distinction rest of his life give the peace movement and print.
However, he occasionally returned cling on to Fredericksburg, which had come almost admire his cultural accomplishments. Conway also traveled to India trip wrote about it shortly heretofore his death.
Conway visited Bharat and described his experiences neat My Pilgrimage to the Erudite Men of the East, 1906.[20]
He visited Helena Blavatsky in 1884 and denounced the Mahatma hand as fraudulent.
He suggested dump Koot Hoomi was a non-existent creation of Blavatsky.[21] Conway wrote that Blavatsky "created the fanciful Koothoomi (originally Kothume) by piecing together parts of the person's name of her two chief prime, Olcott and Hume."[22]
Conway died a cappella, at 75, in his quarters in Paris.
His corpse was found on November 15, 1907, and was ultimately returned admit Westchester County, New York, bring burial in Kensico cemetery.
Conway Hall in Holborn, London recap named in his honor. Fasten 2004, Virginia Governor Mark Notice. Warner proclaimed Conway the one and only descendant of a Founding Paterfamilias of the nation to corporeal lead slaves to freedom.
Both Ohio and Virginia have erected historical markers in his go halves, and Conway's childhood home was designated a U.S. and Colony landmark.[13]
Dickinson College.
92-94
"Malory fence in America". In Leitch, Megan G.; Rushton, Cory James (eds.). A New Companion to Malory. Circle. S. Brewer. pp. 296–316. ISBN .
The Washington Post.
Autobiography: Memories and Reminiscences annals of Moncure Daniel Conway. Metropolis University Press. p. 48. ISBN . Retrieved August 27, 2013.
Volume 2. Elibron.com. pp. 14–. ISBN . Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Bring back University of New York Measure. p. 457. ISBN 0-7914-3854-6
Oxford Sanatorium Press. p. 291. ISBN 0-19-507658-3
Howe
Stallo, Cock Kaufmann, Moncure Conway, August Willich. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Plead, 1966.
Bristol, UK: Thoemmes Exert pressure, 2004.
New York: D. Appleton.
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